Is Shakespeares Portrayal of the Common Essay Example for Free

Is Shakespeares Portrayal of the Common Essay Is Shakespeare’s depiction of the average folks of Rome practical? For what reason did the average citizens of Rome murder Cinna the writer? Shakespeare’s depiction of the average folks of Rome is practical since he shows how individuals act when they are a piece of a group. The picture of cluttered society likewise impacts the demonstration of Rome masses since there are no guidelines. Shakespeare understood that individuals will in general follow the group; along these lines, he utilizes this point to embody crowd mindset which is common all through the play. In Act I, the ordinary people are rooting for Caesar after the thrashing of Pompey, Marullus, a tribune, helps them to remember how they had comparably supported Pompey in similar boulevards. The individuals once hold up â€Å"with quiet desire, to see incredible Pompey pass the avenues of Rome† (I. I. 42-43) This demonstrates how the crowed is by all accounts effortlessly influenced in their devotion. This delineates how flighty the individuals are and how they can rapidly change loyalties to whoever is in power. Very little has changed in present day times. A great many people despite everything will in general follow whoever is in control since they feel it is more secure to stay with what every other person is doing. This is a case of crowd mindset. Imprint Antony comprehends this reality about the individuals and utilizations it to further his potential benefit when the backstabbers later kill Caesar. The commoners’ new reliability to Caesar is like the straightforwardness with which Cassius persuades Brutus (with no genuine proof) that Caesar needs to be best and ought to in this manner be killed. This is another case of horde mindset. In Act III, Scene II, Brutus is the first to address the group after the passing of Caesar. In spite of the fact that Shakespeare depicts the average citizens of Rome as individuals who can be effectively convinced, he additionally shows how they are sensible. The group concludes that they will tune in to Brutus before settling on anything. One ordinary person hollers out, â€Å"I will hear Brutus talk. â€Å" while another says â€Å"†¦When severally we hear them rendered. † Brutus at that point addresses the average citizens and discloses why Caesar must be murdered to benefit Rome. He figures out how to persuade them that Caesar was excessively yearning and would have demolished Rome. The individuals, with their brains made up, start to recite that they need Brutus to be the new ruler, disregarding how theyd as of late been singing Caesars acclaims. They get Caesar out as a dictator and that â€Å"†¦ We are fortunate that Rome is freed of him. † This goes on until Antony talks. Antony is a far superior appointed authority of human instinct than Brutus and he utilizes that to further his potential benefit. He tells the horde of Caesar’s acts of kindness and his anxiety for the individuals. In no time, Antony figures out how to turn the group against Brutus, Cassius, and different plotters, by and by showing the flightiness of the group. The scene toward the start of Act I where Marullus and Flavius censure the ordinary citizens for being whimsical foretells the occasions of Act III. Antony’s discourse makes the individuals of Rome become angered. Brutus first influences them to the situation of the plotters, however Antony figures out how to persuade them to revolt at long last. They become worked up and anxious to cause brutality. This makes them execute the artist Cinna in Act III, Scene III. Cinna is in an unlucky spot. The crowd shows a demonstration of group conduct, which is when people in a gathering demonstration together without arranged headings. They approach Cinna for his name and after realizing what it is, they promptly assault him even Cinna clarifies that he is Cinna the artist, not Cinna the plotter. The group, hungry for blood, execute the blameless writer in any case, clarifying that they should. This shows how the group, without giving it much thought, acts unreasonably. They understand that he is an inappropriate Cinna, however they are so chafed, they kill him at any rate. Still determined by fierceness, the ordinary people at that point choose to burn the homes of Brutus, Cassius, Decius Brutus, Casca and Ligarius. In the play Julius Caesar, Shakespeare utilizes scenes to remark on the idea of crowd attitude. The scenes where the group is effectively convinced to switch devotion is a sensible depiction of the average citizens of Rome. Today, individuals are still as effectively persuaded to alter their perspectives. The scene where Cinna the artist is slaughtered shows a juxtaposition of both savagery and nonsensical idea. Brutality in that they murder a blameless man, and unreasonable idea for the totally unjustified reason for doing as such. This understanding into the wonders of horde attitude is precise and still sounds accurate in present day times.

Just Before The Beginning Of World War II, Albert Einstein Wrote A Let

Not long before the start of World War II, Albert Einstein composed a letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Asked by Hungarian-conceived physicists Leo Szilard, Eugene Wingner, and Edward Teller, Einstein informed Roosevelt concerning Nazi German endeavors to clean Uranium-235 which may be utilized to construct a nuclear bomb. Not long after that the United States Government started take a shot at the Manhattan Project. The Manhattan Project was the code name for the United States exertion to build up the nuclear bomb before the Germans did. The main fruitful investigations in parting a uranium iota had been done in the harvest time of 1938 at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute in Berlin(Groueff 9) soon after Einstein composed his letter. So the race was on. Significant General Wilhelm D. Styer called the Manhattan Project the most significant activity in the war . . . a full scale exertion to fabricate a nuclear bomb.(Groueff 5) It ended up being the greatest advancement in fighting and science's greatest improvement this century. The most entangled issue to be tended to by the researchers taking a shot at the Manhattan Project was the creation of plentiful measures of 'advanced' uranium to continue a chain reaction.(Outlaw 2) At the time, Uranium-235 was difficult to remove. Of the Uranium mineral mined, just around 1/500 th of it wound up as Uranium metal. Of the Uranium metal, the fissionable isotope of (Uranium-235) is moderately uncommon, happening in Uranium at a proportion of 1 to 139.(Szasz 15) Separating the one section Uranium-235 from the 139 sections Uranium-238 end up being a test. No standard compound extraction could isolate the two isotopes. Just mechanical strategies could viably isolate U-235 from U-238.(2) Scientists at Columbia University tackled this troublesome issue. An enormous improvement research facility/plant(Outlaw 2) was worked at Oak Ridge, Tennessee. H. C. Urey, his partners, and associates at Columbia University planned a framew ork that took a shot at the standard of vaporous diffusion.(2) After this procedure was finished, Ernest O. Lawrence (creator of the Cyclotron) at the University of California in Berkeley actualized a procedure including attractive detachment of the two isotopes.(2) Finally, a gas rotator was utilized to additionally isolate the Uranium-235 from the Uranium-238. The Uranium-238 is compelled to the base since it had more mass than the Uranium-235. As such uranium-235 was advanced from its ordinary 0.7% to weapons evaluation of more than 90%.(Grolier 5) This Uranium was then moved to the Los Alamos, N. Mex., research center headed by J. Robert Oppenheimer.(Grolier 5) Oppenheimer was the significant power behind the Manhattan Project. He actually managed everything and made sure that the entirety of the extraordinary personalities taking a shot at this undertaking made their talks work. He directed the whole task from its origination to its completion.(Outlaw 3) Once the decontaminated Uranium arrived at New Mexico, it was made into the parts of a firearm type nuclear weapon. Two bits of U-235, exclusively not enormous enough to continue a chain response, were united quickly in a firearm barrel to shape a supercritical mass that detonated instantaneously.(Grolier 5) It was initially nicknamed 'Flimsy Man'(after Roosevelt, however later renamed 'Young man' (for no one) when specialized changes abbreviated the proposed weapon barrel.(Szasz 25) The researchers were certain to such an extent that the firearm type nuclear bomb would work no test was led, and it was first utilized in military activity over Hiroshima, Japan, on Aug. 6, 1945.(Grolier 5) Before the Uranium-235 Young man bomb had been created to the point of appearing to be guaranteed of success,(Grolier 5) another bomb was proposed. The Uranium-238 that had been before precluded as an alternative was being taken a gander at. It could catch a free neutron without fissioning and become Uranium-239. In any c ase, the Uranium-239 in this manner delivered is precarious (radioactive) and rots first to neptunium-239 and afterward to plutonium-239.(Grolier 5) This end up being valuable on the grounds that the recently made plutonium-239 is fissionable and it can be isolated from uranium by synthetic techniques,(6) which would be far less complex than the physical procedures to isolate the Uranium-235 from the Uranium-238. By and by the University of Chicago, under Enrico Fermi's course fabricated the primary reactor. This prompted the development of five huge reactors at Hanford, Wash., where U-238 was illuminated with neutrons and transmuted into plutonium.(6) The plutonium was sent to Not long Before The Beginning Of World War II, Albert Einstein Wrote A Let Not long before the start of World War II, Albert Einstein composed a letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Asked by Hungarian-conceived physicists Leo Szilard, Eugene Wingner, and Edward Teller, Einstein enlightened Roosevelt concerning Nazi German endeavors to cleanse Uranium-235 which may be utilized to fabricate a nuclear bomb. Soon after that the United States Government started take a shot at the Manhattan Project. The Manhattan Project was the code name for the United States exertion to build up the nuclear bomb before the Germans did. The main effective tests in parting a uranium iota had been completed in the harvest time of 1938 at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute in Berlin(Groueff 9) soon after Einstein composed his letter. So the race was on. Significant General Wilhelm D. Styer called the Manhattan Project the most significant activity in the war . . . a full scale exertion to fabricate a nuclear bomb.(Groueff 5) It ended up being the greatest advancement in fighting an d science's greatest improvement this century. The most convoluted issue to be tended to by the researchers taking a shot at the Manhattan Project was the creation of plentiful measures of 'improved' uranium to support a chain reaction.(Outlaw 2) At the time, Uranium-235 was difficult to extricate. Of the Uranium mineral mined, just around 1/500 th of it wound up as Uranium metal. Of the Uranium metal, the fissionable isotope of (Uranium-235) is moderately uncommon, happening in Uranium at a proportion of 1 to 139.(Szasz 15) Separating the one section Uranium-235 from the 139 sections Uranium-238 end up being a test. No standard substance extraction could isolate the two isotopes. Just mechanical techniques could adequately isolate U-235 from U-238.(2) Scientists at Columbia University tackled this troublesome issue. A monstrous improvement research center/plant(Outlaw 2) was worked at Oak Ridge, Tennessee. H. C. Urey, his partners, and associates at Columbia University planned a fr amework that took a shot at the guideline of vaporous diffusion.(2) After this procedure was finished, Ernest O. Lawrence (innovator of the Cyclotron) at the University of California in Berkeley actualized a procedure including attractive division of the two isotopes.(2) Finally, a gas axis was utilized to additionally isolate the Uranium-235 from the Uranium-238. The Uranium-238 is compelled to the base since it had more mass than the Uranium-235. As such uranium-235 was enhanced from its ordinary 0.7% to weapons evaluation of more than 90%.(Grolier 5) This Uranium was then shipped to the Los Alamos, N. Mex., research facility headed by J. Robert Oppenheimer.(Grolier 5) Oppenheimer was the significant power behind the Manhattan Project. He actually managed everything and made sure that the entirety of the extraordinary personalities taking a shot at this venture made their talks work. He regulated the whole undertaking from its origination to its completion.(Outlaw 3) Once the sani tized Uranium arrived at New Mexico, it was made into the parts of a firearm type nuclear weapon. Two bits of U-235, separately not huge enough to continue a chain response, were united quickly in a weapon barrel to frame a supercritical mass that detonated instantaneously.(Grolier 5) It was initially nicknamed 'Dainty Man'(after Roosevelt, however later renamed 'Young man' (for no one) when specialized changes abbreviated the proposed firearm barrel.(Szasz 25) The researchers were certain to such an extent that the weapon type nuclear bomb would work no test was led, and it was first utilized in military activity over Hiroshima, Japan, on Aug. 6, 1945.(Grolier 5) Before the Uranium-235 Young man bomb had been created to the point of appearing to be guaranteed of success,(Grolier 5) another bomb was proposed. The Uranium-238 that had been before precluded as a choice was being taken a gander at. It could catch a free neutron without fissioning and become Uranium-239. However, the Ur anium-239 in this way delivered is flimsy (radioactive) and rots first to neptunium-239 and afterward to plutonium-239.(Grolier 5) This end up being valuable on the grounds that the recently made plutonium-239 is fissionable and it can be isolated from uranium by synthetic techniques,(6) which would be far easier than the physical procedures to isolate the Uranium-235 from the Uranium-238. By and by the University of Chicago, under Enrico Fermi's course assembled the primary reactor. This prompted the development of five enormous reactors at Hanford, Wash., where U-238 was illuminated with neutrons and transmuted into plutonium.(6) The plutonium was sent to

Initiative vs. Guilt Psychosocial Stage 3

Initiative vs. Guilt Psychosocial Stage 3 Theories Psychosocial Psychology Print Understanding Initiative vs. Guilt Stage 3 of Psychosocial Development By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Reviewed by Reviewed by Amy Morin, LCSW on June 19, 2019 facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our Wellness Board Amy Morin, LCSW Updated on August 02, 2019 Psychosocial Development Overview Trust vs. Mistrust Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt Initiative vs. Guilt Industry vs. Inferiority Identity vs. Confusion Intimacy vs. Isolation Generativity vs. Stagnation Integrity vs. Despair Initiative versus guilt is the  third stage  of  Erik Erikson’s  theory of  psychosocial development. This stage occurs  during the preschool years, between the ages of 3 and 5. During the initiative versus guilt stage, children begin to assert their power and control over the world through directing play and other social interaction.?? Verywell / Nusha Ashjaee Lets take a closer look at some of the major events that take place at this stage of psychosocial development. Overview: Psychosocial Conflict: Initiative versus GuiltMajor Question: “Am I good or bad?”Basic Virtue: PurposeImportant Event(s): Exploration, Play A Closer Look at the Initiative vs. Guilt Stage According to Eriksons theory, the first two stages of childrens development are concerned with trust versus mistrust and autonomy versus shame and doubt. During these first two periods, the focus is on children forming a sense of trust in the world as well as feelings of independence and autonomy. Each of these foundational stages plays a role in the later stages that will follow.?? It is as children enter the preschool years that they begin the third stage of psychosocial development centered on initiative versus guilt. If they have successfully completed the earlier two stages, kids now have a sense that the world is trustworthy and that they are able to act independently. Now it is important for kids to learn that they can exert power over themselves and the world. They need to try things on their own and explore their own abilities. By doing this, they can develop ambition and direction.?? How Do Kids Develop Initiative? Children need to begin asserting control and power over the environment by taking initiative by planning activities, accomplishing tasks and facing challenges. During this stage, it is important for caregivers to encourage exploration and to help children make appropriate choices. Caregivers who are discouraging or dismissive may cause children to feel ashamed of themselves and to become overly dependent upon the help of others.?? This stage can sometimes be frustrating for parents and caregivers as children begin to exercise more control over the things that impact their lives. Such decisions can range from the friends they play with, the activities they engage in, and the way that they approach different tasks. Parents and other adults might want to guide children toward certain friends, activities, or choices, but children might resist and insist on making their own choices. While this might lead to some conflicts with parental wishes at times, it is important to give kids a chance to make such choices. However, it is important that parents continue to enforce safe boundaries and encourage children to make good choices through the use of modeling and reinforcement.?? As you might guess, play and imagination take on an important role at this stage. Children have their sense of initiative reinforced by being given the freedom and encouragement to play. When efforts to engage in physical and imaginative play are stifled by caregivers, children begin to feel that their self-initiated efforts are a source of embarrassment.?? Children who are over-directed by adults may struggle to develop a sense of initiative and confidence in their own abilities. Success and Failure In Stage Four Success in this stage leads to a sense of purpose, while failure results in a sense of guilt. What does Erikson mean by guilt? Essentially, kids who fail to develop a sense of initiative at this stage may emerge with a fear of trying new things. When they do direct efforts toward something, they may feel that they are doing something wrong. While mistakes are inevitable in life, kids with initiative will understand that mistakes happen and they just need to try again. Children who experience guilt will instead interpret mistakes as a sign of personal failure, and may be left with a sense that they are bad.?? Stage 4: Industry vs. Inferiority

Psychological Approaches Of Health And Social Care Service...

This essay will include explanation of the different psychological approaches to health and social care. It will compare two psychological approaches to health and social care service provision. It will also evaluate two psychological approaches to health and social care service provision. As I explained in (p1-explanation of the principal psychological perspectives), the behaviourist approach states that we are born at a blank state, therefore all of our behaviour are as a response to a stimulus in our environment. Behaviourists use two types of processes to explain how people learn: classical conditioning (Ivan Pavlov) and operant conditioning (Frederic Skinner).In classic conditioning, individuals learn to associate stimuli when they occur together to a response. Therefore individuals learn to produce an existing response to a stimulus that is presented. Take for instance little Albert. The little boy that was classically conditioned to respond with anxiety to the stimulus of a white ray by Watson and Rayner. This process can be applied in a health practice such as the dentist. For instance, it is said that children can sometimes be terrified to go to the dentist. This is because the child has associated the dentist to pain and have been classically conditioned to respond with fear to the stimulus of going to visit the dentist. In operant conditioning, people learn to perform new behaviour through the consequences of their action. A consequence can be reinforced in twoShow MoreRelatedThe Psychological Approaches Of Psychology885 Words   |  4 PagesThere are different psychological approaches in psychology. I mentioned these in great detail in my previous assignment; I will now discuss the different psychological approaches to health practice. The psychological approaches are; Behaviourist, Psychodynamic, Humanistic. 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Most Refugees have experienced poor living conditions and have come from regions where access to healthcare is limited.Read MoreHospice Services: A Valuable Resource within a Community1505 Words   |  6 PagesHospice Services: A Valuable Resource within a Community The concept of hospice care in the United States has continued to evolve over the past three decades. Initially met with great skepticism and mistrust by the general population and the medical community, hospice services and care are now considered a valuable resource and venue of care for those suffering from a terminal illness and for their families. The choice of hospice services and the approach of palliation of symptoms, comfort care, andRead MoreHealth and social care1434 Words   |  6 PagesIn Health and Social Care Student Name Unit 16: Understanding Specific Needs in Health and Social Care Student No. Assessor name: Christine Pratt Date of Issue Completion date 30/05/2014 11/07/2014 Submitted on Assignment title LO2 Task No. Assess how perceptions of specific needs have changed over time. 1 1.3 LO1 In this assessment you will have the opportunity to present evidence that shows you are able to Analyse concepts of health, disabilityRead MorePrinciples of Mental Health1258 Words   |  5 PagesRunning Head: FOR A DEEPER UNDERSTANDING Principles of Mental Health The World Health Organization (2012) defines mental health as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease. 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It is a multi-faceted issue that include problems regarding income, cost-of-living, health and social cohesion1. Poverty affects multiple group of persons in the society and no one is immune to its consequences. Overtime, there has been a strong association between poverty and many health conditions such as chronic diseases (diabetes, heart disease), injuries, stress, anxiety, depression, and untimely deaths2. In Saskatchewan, poverty

Ergonomics Essay example - 1097 Words

What is ergonomics? Ergonomics is the science of fitting the job to the worker. When there is a mismatch between the physical requirements of the job and the physical capacity of the worker, work-related musculoskeletal disorders can result. Workers who must repeat the same motion throughout their workday, work in an awkward position use a great deal of force to perform, repeatedly lift heavy objects or face a combination of these risk factors are most likely to develop work-related musculoskeletal disorders. In this report, I will outline the main factors in having a safe workstation. There are certain ways in which you may choose an ergonomically correct chair. Does the seat feel comfortable and fit your shape? When you sit in the†¦show more content†¦You may also want to choose a chair that swivels easily. Do you need armrests on your chair? If so, are the armrests broad, cushioned and comfortable? While sitting can you adjust the height of the armrests and can you move the armrests closer together or further apart? Keyboard in the ideal typing posture both static and dynamic muscle loads are minimized. This posture is achieved when the keyboard is below seated elbow height and the keyboard base is gently sloped away from the user so that the key tops are accessible to the hands in a neutral posture. In this position the arms, shoulders, neck and back can relax, especially during brief rest pauses. Also, in this slightly reclined sitting position the low back rests against the lumbar support of the chair, the elbow angle is opened to promote circulation to the lower arm and hand, the abdominal angle, and the palatial angle (behind the knees) are opened to promote blood circulation. The feet rest firmly upon the floor. 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This lower cost for businesses may have meant lower quality workplace items, lower salaries, less benefits, etc. These lower costs createdRead MoreOffice Ergonomics : A Field Of Ergonomics973 Words   |  4 Pagesmeasurements of the Turkish people (Kayis, 1988; Turgut et al., 2004). 2.1 ERGONOMICS AND BRANCHES Ergonomics permeates every aspect of human endeavor. As a result, various branches or concepts of Ergonomics have evolved and developed over the years. Some of the branches are: 2.1.1 Office Ergonomics Office Ergonomics is defines as the branch of ergonomics dealing specifically with the office environment. This field of ergonomic considers how key workplace elements such as workstations, computers,Read More Ergonomics Essay1522 Words   |  7 PagesErgonomics Ergonomics, as defined by the Board of Certification for Professional Ergonomists (BCPE), is a body of knowledge about human abilities, human limitations and human characteristics that are relevant to design. 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The store is always hiring new employees so the work environment isRead MoreThe Ergonomic Keyboard And Mouse Prevent Carpal Tunnel Syndrome And Other Repetitive Stress Disorders888 Words   |  4 Pagesaware of the importance of the ergonomic keyboard and mouse to prevent carpal tunnel syndrome and other repetitive stress disorders. However, these are merely the tip of the iceberg when it comes to the health problems researchers have linked to prolonged sitting. High blood sugar The Washington Post reports that poor posture does contribute to a variety of spinal issues, such as neck strain and muscle tissue damage. However, studies show that even at an ergonomic station, the pancreas is negatively

Net Widening Big Brother Is Watching You Free Essays

Privacy is a right that many Americans take for granted. Americans, for the most part, feel that they have privacy. But do they really? In order for one to achieve individuality and autonomy one must have privacy, which is the key factor. We will write a custom essay sample on Net Widening: Big Brother Is Watching You or any similar topic only for you Order Now For the rapid advances in technology, however, one exchanges their privacy. Should one happen to use a computer to use the Internet, for example, their level of privacy is decreased substantially as you open the door to social control. As Orwell says in 1984, â€Å"Big Brother is watching you. † Ever since the creation of the Internet, more specifically the World Wide Web, the government has utilized Orwellian tactics of surveillance. â€Å"Many parts of the Internet are still kind of like the raw frontier and the Government wants to stake its claim† (TechnoCulture). For instance, in December of 1995, news was released concerning the Government’s intention to fund another ten thousand closed circuit surveillance systems. Even though civil libertarians were assured this action had no sinister motive, responses from most were leery to say the least (â€Å"Big Brother†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). This technology is very similar to that which Steven Mann, MIT computer specialist, uses. His â€Å"wearable wireless webcam† provides anyone logged onto his Internet home address live views of his daily routine. â€Å"The Internet is sprouting eyes. And ears. And vending machines, hot tubs, coffeepots, robot gardeners, and model railroads. The armada of devices plugged into the Internet, in fact, is transforming the network into a bizarre place that falls somewhere between George Orwell’s 1984 and Candid Camera run amok† (TechnoCulture). Intel currently uses the same technology for the cameras they sell for consumers to put on top of their monitors in order to be seen by others. This technology is inside your very computer monitor (â€Å"Eyes On The Net†). How do you know it’s not being utilized to oversee you? Is Big Brother watching you? â€Å"A year ago, there were only a few devices connected to the Internet that any person could freely use. But the number of devices is exploding. Uses for these things are as diverse as a person’s imagination. As devices have proliferated, imaginative applications of telepresence technology have attracted a huge following among rank-and-file Internet users. The implications of such devices have devastating potential† (â€Å"Eyes On The Net†). Another bit of a shocker is that Web pages can actually keep track of the Internet addresses of visitors. This intrinsically is a complete invasion of privacy. Just imagine someone else knows about every Web page you go to. So what? What’s the big deal? The big deal is that this infringement of privacy strips one of their individuality and autonomy. This form of social control can kill individuality. According to JM Balkin, â€Å"Each of us has both a public and private self; the public self we reveal to the world, and the private self we retain control over by withholding it from others. Our ability to provide or withhold aspects of our private selves preserves and constitutes our autonomy. The exchanges of private information, signal intimacy and trust, and their disclosure to third parties is usually thought of as a sign of betrayal† (Understanding†¦). Even if one is unaware of the infringement against them it will still harm their individuality because what you withhold from others is a part of what makes up your individuality. Once others know what you don’t want them to, your individuality is opened and destroyed (Understanding†¦). These violations are already presented in several businesses and educational institutions throughout America (â€Å"WARNING†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). These violations produce what Edward Bloustein describes as â€Å"†¦a being that is not an individual. â€Å"A man compelled to live every minute of his life among others and whose every need, thought, fancy, or gratification is subject to public scrutiny merges with the mass and is deprived of individuality and human dignity. † (â€Å"Privacy as an†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). When a collective conscience, in this instance the government, penetrates deeply into everyday affairs, what seems to be trivial can soon escalate into devastation. Privacy vi olations are no different from Nazi totalitarianism. In totalitarian governments, like Nazi Germany, the collective conscience can penetrate all relations between individuals. Such totalitarian governments have killed approximately 115 million people. Once America is filled with non-autonomous drones and a totalitarian stage is set, government genocide, massacres, and other mass killings could likely take place as well. No matter how extreme the possibilities, they must be looked at. Another example of social control is utilized widely on the Internet by the Government but is not as Orwellian as the previous examples. Internet censorship is a form of privacy invasion. The very essence of the Internet is absolute freedom. It’s a cyber-anarchy in which there is peace. However, buried within the Telecommunications Act of 1996 is a clause restricting indecent material from being transmitted across the Internet. â€Å"Note that this is indecent material, not obscene material. There is, in the legal sense, a difference. Obscenity, which is not protected by the First Amendment, must meet this three-pronged test: An average person, applying contemporary community standards, must find the material appeals to prurient interest. The material must depict or describe, in a patently offensive way, sexual conduct specifically defined by law. And, the material, taken as a whole, must lack serious literary, artistic, political or scientific value. That is the law’s definition of obscenity, and it is not protected by the First Amendment. It is illegal in all mediums Internet included. What we are talking about is indecency, which is a whole new ball game. These laws will criminalize material ‘available to a person under 18 years of age that depicts or describes, in terms patently offensive as measured by contemporary community standards, sexual or excretory activities or organs. ’ This is basically fancy talk for indecent material† (â€Å"Censoring Internet is wrong†). That is much broader than the three-pronged definition. It hypothetically includes anything from objectionable music lyrics to movie sound clips to drug store pornography. This is stuff that is all legal, although some of it to people 18 and older. Yet the bill labels it to be illegal to ALL when on the Internet. Whether in electronic form or in a magazine, the material is unchanged. Yet its restrictions change dramatically. While its intentions may be pure the government cannot be allowed to establish the precedent of censoring legal material in any medium at all (â€Å"Censoring Internet is wrong†). Once this happens, we are one step closer to George Orwell’s 1984, where not only computers, but thought as well, are regulated by the Powers That Be† (â€Å"Censoring Internet is wrong†). Now one must also look to the opposite end of the spectrum in all fairness. The technological advances may be worth the sacrifice, if there even is one. As a practical matte r, scientists and engineers see real advantages to telepresence. NASA routinely guides spacecraft millions of miles away, but the Internet offers rudimentary telepresence for the masses. Astronomers at the University of Georgia and three other southeastern universities now operate a 30-inch robot telescope on a mountain in Arizona without ever leaving their offices. Internet users can access government data buoys in the middle of the ocean to check local wind and wave conditions. Californians can now track stream-flow in remote rivers from instruments connected to the Internet. Anyone on the World Wide Web can access a battery of â€Å"weathercams† enabling him or her to actually see the weather. â€Å"Given the groundswell of interest, the day may not be so far off when people water their own plants from afar. Maybe they’ll even figure out a way to feed the cat and walk the dog via the Internet† (TechnoCulture). Does this technology have to be bad? Steven Mann stated: â€Å"Sometimes women ask me to give them a safe escort back to the dorm. If we really want safer streets, maybe we should distribute cameras like mine to everyone. In addition to having a little fun, wearable videocams could become personal safety devices† (TechnoCulture). In fact, this same surveillance technology has succeeded in trapping under-age drinkers and drug users on tape. Police have also used the technology to target local criminals. The video evidence has proven incontrovertible thus leading to swift punishment and safer communities. Just like anything of great responsibility, in the right hands this new technological era can bring forth much good, however, in the wrong hands can bring forth much peril. These advances bring societies closer to Orwellian ones but they also better the societies. If the abuse of this technology does indeed exist, all there is now is the speculation of such an activity. Hopefully it will stay that way. Is Big Brother Watching You? Works Cited Balkin, JM â€Å"Understanding Legal Understanding: The Legal Subject and the Problem of Legal Coherence† (1993) 103 Yale Law Journal 105-176. 1997. â€Å"Big Brother is watching you. † Nd. : n. pag. Online. Internet. 06 May 1998. Available WWW: http://malone. math. soton. ac/postgraduate/students/ Polton/December_1995. html Edward J. Bloustein. â€Å"Privacy as an aspect of human dignity – An Answer to Dean Prosser. † Philosophical Dimensions of Privacy: An Anthology, ed. Ferdinand Schoeman. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984) 177. â€Å"Eyes On the Net. † Home Page. Nd. : n. pag. Online. Internet. 06 May 1998. Available WWW: http://www. mitchell. net/article. htm Orwell, George. 1984 New York, Signet. 1949 â€Å"TechnoCulture Archive† Home Page. Nd. : n. pag. Online. Internet. 06 May 1998. Available WWW: http://www. mitchell. net/ant/article. htm â€Å"WARNI NG: Big Brother is watching you† Home Page. Nd. : n. pag. Online. Internet. 06 May 1998. Available WWW:http://www. diku. dk/students/ballerp/big-brother. html How to cite Net Widening: Big Brother Is Watching You, Papers

The Black Album by Metallica free essay sample

The Metallica Black Album When it comes to metal music most people would think it is a combination of loud guitars, screeching vocals, deep bass and drums. Some bands are like that, or portray some of these characteristics, but not all bands live up to this stereotype. A great example would be Metallica, specifically their fifth studio album, The Black Album. The Black Album is different from their previous albums, with the main differences being it has a new style, popularity, and it’s songs. Metallica is mainly considered as a thrash metal band, but The Black Album was titledâ€Å"Less harsh† compared to the previous albums. It is not uncommon for bands to switch up their style in a few ways, but it is unusual to see bands switch their style entirely. A new style means making new riffs, rhythms, and lyrics which Metallica delivers in an outstanding way. With a new sound and style comes new songs. We will write a custom essay sample on The Black Album by Metallica or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Black Album has a lot of great hits. The first and most popular song on the list is â€Å"Enter Sandman.† After a slow start with the deep sounding bass and guitar the song then kicks off with loud drums and vocals. Along with an unforgettable riff this song features lyrics about a twisted take on the famous â€Å"Sandman†. The next song, Sad but True, a song about blind faith takes you by surprise with a loud blast of all the instruments. This song features a heart pounding riff that will have you headbanging in a matter of seconds. Wherever I May Roam, the next greatest hit starts off with a rather unusual sound. A Sitar and twelve string bass create a different and pleasing start to the song, and prepares you for the rest of the song which includes lyrics about touring and being on the road. The Black album also features two very popular power ballads. The Unforgiven is the first power ballad on the Black Album, followed by Nothing Else Matters. The Unforgiven i s a huge game changer for Metallica. While listening to it it may not seem like anything different, although not their first power ballad it is different from the others. Dave Mustaine the former guitarist for Metallica stated The Unforgiven was his favorite song off the album because it was the first song where he could really hear James Hetfield sing. This song also has two sequels; The Unforgiven II and The Unforgiven III. Nothing else matters is the other power ballad of the two. James Hetfield claims he wrote the song about a girlfriend he once had but later changed the meaning of the song to be about his fans because nothing else matters besides them. These power ballads and the other tracks on the list made Metallica even more popular. The Black Album was very popular and was very successful. Songs from the album played on more stations, this being that they appealed to more people. Metallica was already a very popular metal band at the time, and was included in â€Å"The Bi g Four† which consisted of: Metallica, Slayer, Megadeth, and Anthrax. In the music business, popularity is most important when it comes to success. Playing songs that attracted people to buy the album was a skill Metallica mastered. The Black Album sold over 16 million copies making it one of the best selling metal records of all time. A new style, new songs, and popularity make this a great album for anyone who listens to metal music, and also for people who aren’t familiar with metal music. Great music like this is hard to come across when compared to all the new genres people are listening to. This is someones best bet when it comes to experiencing a type of music that may become extinct if it does not have creative minds such as Metallica. I encourage whoever reads this to give the album a chance, metalhead or not.

Essay on Week 1 Assignment

Essay on Week 1 Assignment Essay on Week 1 Assignment EMG4412 August 29, 2014 Captain Honor’s behavior does not fully fit my schema of an effective leader. After researching more information about the incident, I believe that Captain Honors thought that he was providing comedy and laughter to an otherwise rigid environment. He showed a weakness in his leadership by acting in this manner. I believe that he used poor judgment by showing the video. I don’t believe that he realized the perception that he was portraying to his crew. I am sure that he was trying to use this video as a means to express his point about allowing gay people into the military, but going about it this way was a childish way to do it. He had great influence on the men on his ship. How did he know that one of the men on his crew wasn’t gay or that they had gay friends or family? What kind of perception of him would they then have? He was their leader and should be leading by example. Good leaders take into account the perceptions of all of their employees and how they perceive the world through their social perceptions. Captain Honors also displayed a stereotype of gay people. His statement was that ALL gay people acted in the way he portrayed them in the video. He also believed that no one would be offended by the foul language and sexual displays. I watched the video and although I found it humorous, I would have been totally embarrassed to watch it with people I work with, especially if they had been in it. According to news reports, he had a good rapport with his crew and they backed him 100 percent and acknowledged it online. This shows how influential he was to his crew. He should have thought about the repercussions that would follow from doing this and the perception of how his employees would look at him in the future as well as his commanders’ perceptions of him. Captain Honors made a bad choice and when the video surfaced, lost his job and then his credibility with the Navy. References: BUMILLER, E. (2011, January 4). The New York Times. Retrieved from Aircraft Carrier Captain Is Removed Over His Role in Coarse Videos: nytimes.com/2011/01/05/us/05military.html?_r=0 Kinicki, A., & Fugate, M. (2012). Organizational Behavior, Key Concepts, Skills and Best Practices. New York: McGraw-Hill. YouTube Video. (2011, January 4). Retrieved from Captain Owen P. Honors Jr. ( The Greatest Comedy Sketch Ever) : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CU8Yp2h_RVs EMG4412 Professor Curtis Curry August 30, 2014 According to the chapter opening case, qualities that are inherent to high-level executives such as Mark Zuckerberg are in line with the Big Five Personality Dimensions, including extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness to experience. In the second sentence of the case, Zuckerberg’s father described him as â€Å"strong-minded† and â€Å"persistent† (Kinicki & Fugate, 2012). Throughout my life, my parents labeled me as â€Å"strong-willed† and â€Å"stubborn†. I always had an â€Å"I can do that† attitude. I disliked the idea that someone would tell me I couldn’t do something. When comparing myself to the portrayal of Zuckerberg in the case story, I find many similarities such as being socially awkward or disinterested. It is not that I am either, I just have

Louis Daguerre, Inventor of Daguerreotype Photography

Louis Daguerre, Inventor of Daguerreotype Photography Louis Daguerre (November 18, 1787–July 10, 1851) was the inventor of the daguerreotype, the first form of modern photography. A professional scene painter for the opera with an interest in lighting effects, Daguerre began experimenting with the effects of light upon translucent paintings in the 1820s.  He became known as one of the fathers of photography. Fast Facts: Louis Daguerre Known For: Inventor of modern photography (the daguerreotype)Also Known As: Louis-Jacques-Mandà © DaguerreBorn: November 18, 1787 in Cormeilles-en-Parisis, Val-dOise, FranceParents:  Louis  Jacques  Daguerre, Anne Antoinette HauterreDied: July 10, 1851 in Bry-sur-Marne, FranceEducation: Apprenticed to  Pierre Prà ©vost, the first French panorama painterAwards and Honors:  Appointed an officer of the  Legion of Honour; assigned an annuity in return for his photographic process.Spouse: Louise Georgina Arrow-SmithNotable Quote: The daguerreotype is not merely an instrument which serves to draw Nature; on the contrary, it is a chemical and physical process which gives her the power to reproduce herself. Early Life Louis Jacques Mandà © Daguerre was born in 1787 in the small town of Cormeilles-en-Parisis, and his family then moved to Orlà ©ans. While his parents were not wealthy, they did recognize their sons artistic talent. As a result, he was able to travel to Paris and study with the panorama painter Pierre Prà ©vost. Panoramas were vast, curved paintings intended for use in theaters. Diorama Theatres In the spring of 1821, Daguerre partnered with Charles Bouton to create a  diorama  theatre. Bouton was a more experienced painter but he eventually bowed out of the project, so Daguerre acquired sole responsibility of the diorama theatre. The first diorama theatre was built in Paris, next to Daguerres studio. The first exhibit opened in July 1822 showing two tableaux, one by Daguerre and one by Bouton. This would become a pattern. Each exhibition would typically have two tableaux, one by each artist. Also, one would be an interior depiction and the other would be a landscape. The diorama was staged in a round room 12 meters in diameter that could seat up to 350 people. The room rotated, presenting a huge translucent screen painted on both sides. The presentation used special lighting to make the screen transparent or opaque. Additional panels were added to create tableaux with effects that could include thick fog, bright sun, and other conditions. Each show lasted about 15 minutes. The stage would then be rotated to present a second, completely different show. Diorama became a popular new medium and imitators arose. Another diorama theater opened in London, taking only four months to build. It opened in September 1823. Partnership With Joseph Nià ©pce Daguerre regularly used a camera obscura as an aid to painting in perspective, which led him  to think about ways to keep the image still. In 1826 he discovered the work of Joseph Nià ©pce, who was working on a technique for stabilizing images captured with the camera obscura. In 1832, Daguerre and Nià ©pce used a photosensitive agent based on lavender oil. The process was successful: they were able to obtain stable images in under eight hours. The process was called Physautotype. Daguerreotype After Nià ©pces death, Daguerre continued his experiments with the goal of developing a more convenient and effective method of photography. A fortunate accident resulted in his discovery that mercury vapor from a broken thermometer could speed the development of a latent image from eight hours to just 30 minutes. Daguerre introduced the daguerreotype process to the public on August 19, 1839, at a meeting of the French Academy of Sciences in Paris. Later that year, Daguerre and Nià ©pces son sold the rights for the daguerreotype to the French government and published a booklet describing the process. The Daguerreotype Process, Camera and Plates The daguerreotype is a direct-positive process, creating a highly detailed image on a sheet of copper plated with a thin coat of silver without the use of a negative. The process required great care. The silver-plated copper plate had to first be cleaned and polished until the surface looked like a mirror. Next, the plate was sensitized in a closed box over iodine until it took on a yellow-rose appearance. The plate, held in a lightproof holder, was then transferred to the camera. After exposure to light, the plate was developed over hot mercury until an image appeared. To fix the image, the plate was immersed in a solution of sodium thiosulfate or salt and then toned with gold chloride. Exposure times for the earliest daguerreotypes ranged from 3-15 minutes, making the process nearly impractical for portraiture. Modifications to the sensitization process, coupled with the improvement of photographic lenses, soon reduced the exposure time to less than a minute. Although daguerreotypes are unique images, they could be copied by re-daguerreotyping the original. Copies were also produced by lithography or engraving. Portraits based upon daguerreotypes appeared in popular periodicals and in books. James Gordon Bennett, the editor of the New York Herald, posed for his daguerreotype at Bradys studio. An engraving based on this daguerreotype later appeared in the Democratic Review. Daguerreotypes in America American photographers quickly capitalized on this new invention, which was capable of capturing a truthful likeness. Daguerreotypists in major cities invited celebrities and political figures to their studios in the hopes of obtaining a likeness for display in their windows and reception areas. They encouraged the public to visit their galleries, which were like museums, in the hope that they would desire to be photographed as well. By 1850, there were more than 70 daguerreotype studios in New York City alone. Robert Cornelius 1839 self-portrait is the earliest extant American photographic portrait. Working outdoors to take advantage of the light, Cornelius (1809-1893) stood before his camera in the yard behind his familys lamp and chandelier store in Philadelphia, hair askew and arms folded across his chest, and looked off into the distance as if trying to imagine what his portrait would look like. Cornelius and his silent partner Dr. Paul Beck Goddard opened a daguerreotype studio in Philadelphia around May 1840 and made improvements to the daguerreotype process that enabled them to make portraits in a matter of seconds, rather than the three- to 15-minute window. Cornelius operated his studio for two and a half years before returning to work for his familys thriving gas light fixture business. Death Toward the end of his life, Daguerre returned to the Paris suburb of Bry-sur-Marne and resumed painting dioramas for churches. He died in the city at age 63 on July 10, 1851. Legacy Daguerre is often described as the father of modern photography, a major contribution to contemporary culture. Considered a democratic medium, photography provided the middle class with an opportunity to attain affordable portraits. The popularity of the daguerreotype declined in the late 1850s when the ambrotype, a faster and less expensive photographic process, became available. A few contemporary photographers have revived the process. Sources â€Å"Daguerre and the Invention of Photography.†Ã‚  Nicephore Niepce House Photo Museum.Daniel, Malcolm. â€Å"Daguerre (1787–1851) and the Invention of Photography.† In  Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art.Leggat, Robert. A History of Photography  from Its Beginnings Till the 1920s.

Benefits And Necessity Of Bilingual Education In Schools And Essay

Benefits And Necessity Of Bilingual Education In Schools And Universities - Essay Example The broader view perceives bilingual education as the presence of double languages, and, hence, tasks for students, in an instructional environment. However, while many people think bilingual education is ineffective and unnecessary, I have discovered it to be otherwise. Critics have opined for long that bilingual education is financially beyond most foreign parents and, therefore, unnecessary. Their view has always been that the cost of educating the minority-language learners in classes undertaking bilinguals in foreign countries is more than that it requires educating students in dominant-only language programs (Crawford 71). A political view has also stated that encouraging bilingual education in universities encourages minority-language students to go against assimilation initiatives as they protest the teaching of the dominant language (Crawford 39). Although most of them are willing to live as part of mainstream society, they are not as ready to let go or alter their culture a nd native languages. This aspect is further compounded among the more informed university students who tend to associate the term â€Å"bilingual student† with uneducated or poor backgrounds as it has been stereotyped in the US or Europe (Lindholm-Leary 68). Furthermore, a public perspective of government-implemented programs on bilingual education has been of that intended to assimilate immigrants into the American culture hence, working in an opposite direction as to its intended outcome. Most foreign students are welcomed with the idea of being isolated linguistically, limiting their learning and earning potential while in foreign countries.

Samsung Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Samsung - Research Paper Example Samsung currently capitalizes on cheap technology to displace apple from the market. We witness the latest run ads of the Galaxy s II show Apple fans waiting in line in the cold while those for the perfectly content Galaxy S owners are living their lives freely. The ad further shows Gal Pals poking fun at fan boys who are waiting for a small-screened phone without 4G connectivity, while one dude gets a date by using Samsung’s Siri competitor, S-voice (Koekemoer, 2004). The current marketing strategy has made Samsung be the current king of the mobile holding majority of the market from the US throughout the whole world. The company has the technical knowhow of building the technology quickly and cheaply. They are also able to emulate the likeable competitor’s device given the top brains they possess. As a competitive edge Samsung uses product innovation as a strategy as another form of its latest marketing strategy. Its product range covered all the categories in the con sumer electronics and home appliances right from audio and video products, It products, mobile phones and home appliances (Koekemoer, 2004). Analysts felt that the wide product range of Samsung was one of main reasons for its success in the worldwide market. Samsung positioned itself on the technology platform through through advertising and sales promotion after they realized that in most of the world markets like India consumers were still not aware of them. Samsung latest marketing strategy being the use of K-pop Superstar as the face of their brand hence increased sales of the products. Body 2: Products and services that help the company be famous The products that have made Samsung become famous in the electronic industry range from mobile phones, televisions both audio and video, camera/cam recorder, home appliances and lastly we have the PC/Peripherals printers. The company keeps repositioning such products. The repositioning of these products take place in for of pricing aft er Samsung realized that they were always associated with bargains due to their extremely low prices (Koekemoer, 2004). They realized that the up market is associated with high price leaving the low prices for the low market. To Samsung higher price would bring more profit and at the same time it is the better imply of good quality. The strategy of reposition helps Samsung starting to build its noblest image. In its service provision, Samsung realizes the need for global competitiveness in the era of global competition and then argue that to remain relevant understanding of the clients is major through knowing who your customers are, what they need and the dynamism within them. In this way, the company is fully committed to understanding their customers throughout the world across all the functions of their products from development and production to the marketing and the after sales services. They also change their thinking and working procedures to serve the customers better throu gh innovative products and services such as the provision of the customer delight services, product quality and safety. Samsung provides these services through its numerous applications such video apps from Netflix, Vudu, or Hulu Plus, which are to be included on, network TVs.   However, the concept of other types of apps on our TV is still new and we may wonder why we would want applications on TVs.   Some of the applications are useful while others may be

Communications Decency Act: Regulation In Cyberspace :: essays research papers

Communications Decency Act: Regulation In Cyberspace Being one of millions of surfers throughout the Internet, I see that fundamental civil liberties are as important in cyberspace as they are in traditional contexts. Cyberspace defined in Webster's Tenth Edition dictionary is the on-line worlds of networks. The right to speak and publish using a virtual pen has its roots in a long tradition dating back to the very founding of democracy in this country. With the passage of the 1996 Telecommunications Act, Congress has prepared to turn the Internet from one of the greatest resources of cultural, social, and scientific information into the online equivalent of a children's reading room. By invoking the overboard and vague term â€Å"indecent† as the standard by which electronic communication should be censored, Congress has insured that information providers seeking to avoid criminal prosecution will close the gates on anything but the most tame information and discussions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Communications Decency Act calls for two years of jail time for anyone caught using â€Å"indecent† language over the net; as if reading profanities online affects us more dramatically than reading them on paper. Our First Amendment states, â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof, or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press....† The Act takes away this right. The Constitution- defying traitors creating these useless laws do not they understand the medium they're trying to control. What they â€Å"claim† is that they are trying to protect our children from moral threatening content.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This â€Å"protect our helpless children† ideology is bogus. If more government officials were more knowledgeable about online information they would realize the huge flaw the Communication Decency Act contains. We don't need the government to patrol fruitlessly on the Internet when parents can simply install software like Net Nanny or Surf Watch. These programs block all â€Å"sensitive† material from entering one's modem line. What's more, legislators have already passed effective laws against obscenity and child pornography. We don't need a redundant Act to accomplish what has already been written.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Over 17 million Web pages float throughout cyberspace. Never before has information been so instant, and so global. And never before has our government been so spooked by the potential power â€Å"little people† have at their fingertips.

Recrystallization of Acetanilide Using Water as Solvent Essay

Abstract Recrystallization is a technique used to purify organic solids. This method involves dissolving of a solute in a solvent and inciting the solute to produce a precipitate from a solution. In this experiment, acetic anhydride was added to the mixture of 2mL aniline and 20mL of distilled water. The mixture was cooled in an ice bath and filtered through filter paper resulting to the crude acetanilide. The pure acetanilide was then produced by the filtered solution of crude acetanilide and recrystallizing solvent. Choosing of the recrystallizing solvent was done by placing a small amount of pure acetanilide in three test tubes, each containing: water, 95% ethanol and hexane. The final weight produced by the pure acetanilide is 1.1g contrary to the weight of the crude of the acetanilide which is 0.5g. Quantitative analysis showed that the pure acetanilide produced 37.04% percentage yield. Introduction Recrystallization is a process of purifying organic compounds obtained from nature that contain soluble, insoluble and colored impurities. This is based on the premise that solubility increases on the increase of temperature while solubility decreases on the decrease of temperature. This is the process behind the formation of crystals. Recrystallization can be broken down into several steps. A suitable solvent is chosen followed by the compound being dissolved in a minimum solvent. Insoluble impurities are removed and crystallization follows upon cooling. The crystals are collected and dried. Choosing the best recrystallizing solvent would lead to the solubility of the impure substances in the compound. The boiling point of the recrystallizing solvent should be lower than the compound to be recrystallized. There are several criteria in determining the best recrystallizing solvent. The compound being purified must be insoluble in the solvent at room temperature. It should be insoluble in the solvent at high temperature. Upon low temperature, it should be soluble. Acetanilide can be obtained by acetylation of aniline undergone by nitration at low temperature. For acetylation of anilines, acetic anhydride is commonly used. Also called acetic acid anilide, acetanilide is an odorless, white crystalline powder which is soluble in hot water, alcohol, ether, chloroform, acetone, glycerol and benzene. It has a melting point of 114  °C and boiling point of 314 °C. It is a combustible solid. When digested, it is moderately toxic. Exposure to body tissues would lead to irritation. For the production of rubber accelerators, dyes and camphor, acetanilide is used as an intermediate. It also used in penicillin synthesis and other pharmaceuticals like painkillers and intermediates. It is incompatible with strong alkalis and oxidizers but remains stable under normal conditions. Also, it is an amide. This experiment aims to purify crude acetanilide water, the best recrystallizing solvent, which is determined by the solubility of the solid compound, to produce pure acetanilide and to calculate the percentage yield of the weight of the pure acetanilide. Also, it aims to prove the process of recrystallization in purifying compounds. Materials and Methods The materials used were test tubes, Erlenmeyer flask, Bunsen burner, tripod, wire gauze, beaker, filter paper, aniline compound, hexane compound, acetic anhydride and methanol. The experiment began on the choosing of the recrystallizing solvent. Three test tubes that individually contained 1mL water, 95% ethanol and hexane were added a corn grain amount of pure acetanilide. Water was the chosen  recrystallizing solvent. In an Erlenmeyer flask, 2mL of aniline and 20mL of distilled water were mixed to be followed by the slow addition of 3mL acetic anhydride. This produced the crude acetanilide. The crude acetanilide was weighed. 20mL of recrystallizing solvent was added to the crude acetanilide. The solution was heated in the water bath until the solid dissolves. Activated charcoal is added to produce a colorless solution. While still hot, the solution was filtered through the filter paper. The crystals produced are collected, washed with distilled water and dried between filter papers. The resulting pure acetanilide is weighed Results and Discussion Choosing the recrystallizing solvent 3 test tubes containing 1mL water, 95% ethanol and hexane were subjected to different temperatures for 1-5 minutes in order to test the solubility of the pure acetanilide. In room temperature, water and hexane were insoluble; whereas, 95% ethanol was soluble. In high temperature or during heating, water and 95% ethanol are soluble while hexane was insoluble. In low temperature of upon cooling, water and 95% ethanol are both insoluble while hexane remained insoluble. Table 1 shows the result of the solubility of pure acetanilide in different temperatures provided. Table 1: Summary of the Solubility of Pure Acetanilide in Different Solvents of Varying Temperatures Solvent| At room temperature| During heating| Upon cooling| Water| Insoluble| Soluble | Insoluble| 95% ethanol| Soluble| Soluble| Soluble| Hexane| Inoluble| Insoluble| Insoluble| In order to attain the best recrystallizing solvent, this table explains that the compound should be very soluble in high temperatures and insoluble in  room temperature. The difference in hot and cold temperatures is essential for the process of recrystallization. It would not dissolve if at high temperatures the compound in the chosen solvent is insoluble. It would not crystallize in pure form if the compound in the solvent is soluble. The desired compound may be lost during recrystallization that is why the solvent should not react with the compound being purified. Unwanted impurities should be either very soluble in room temperature of insoluble in hot temperature. After the solution cools, the desired compound crystallizes and the remaining impurities will remain dissolved. After the compound has crystallized, the solvent should be volatile enough to be removed from the solvent after the compound. Easy and rapid drying of the solid compound after it has been isolated follows. Table 2 shows the weight of the crude acetanilide and the pure acetanilide. Table 2: Summary of the Weight of Crude and Pure Acetanilide Acetanilide| Weight (g)| Crude| 6.5| Pure| 1.2| Crude acetanilide was formed from the synthesis of acetanilide. Pure acetanilide was collected after recrystallizing the crude acetanilide. Quantitative Analysis of Acetanilide thru Determination of Percentage Yield The percentage recovery of pure acetanilide was computed using the formula: %Yield=Actual YieldTheoretical Yield x 100 Substituting the values: %Yield=1.1g2.97gx 100 Therefore, the percentage yield of pure acetanilide is 37.04%. Percentage yield is used in cases where chemical transformation occurs. In calculating the percentage yield, the following is needed: 1. The molar ratio of product to starting material 2. The molecular weights of product and starting material 3. Limiting Reagent Determination of Theoretical Yield 2mL Aniline (C6H5NH2) x 1.0271 mole x 1 mole93.13g x 102.09 g1 mole = 2.24g 3mL Acetic Anhydride (C4H6O3) x 1.0821 mole x 1 mole102.09g x 93.13g1 mole = 2.97g The limiting reagent is Aniline since 2.97g was needed to make 3 milliliters of Acetic Anhydride. REFERENCES: From The Internet: (1) http://www.chem.umass.edu/~samal/269/cryst1.pdf. Recrystallization. Electronic References (2) http://www.chemistry.sc.chula.ac.th/bsac/Org%20Chem%20Lab_2012/Exp.2[1].pdf. Purification by Recrystallization (3) http://www.chemicalbook.com/ChemicalProductProperty_EN_CB9444812.htm. Chemical Book (4) http://www.epcc.edu/OfficeofRiskManagement/Documents/EPCC%20MSDS/Acetanilide.pdf. Flinn Scientific Inc. (2001) (5) http://sites.psu.edu/lburns/files/2013/04/ch.6-formal-report.pdf. Bortiatynski, Jackie, M’Mechan, J.C.

Methods of Communication in Nursing - 3303 Words

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